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Adobe Photoshop is a raster graphics editor developed and published by Adobe Inc. It was originally created in by Thomas and John Knoll. Since then, the software has become the industry standard not only in raster graphics editing, but in digital art as a whole. The software's name is often colloquially used as a verb e. In addition to raster graphics, Photoshop has limited abilities to edit or render text and vector graphics especially through clipping path for the latter , as well as 3D graphics and video.
Its feature set can be expanded by plug-ins ; programs developed and distributed independently of Photoshop that run inside it and offer new or enhanced features. Photoshop's naming scheme was initially based on version numbers. However, in October following the introduction of Creative Suite branding , each new version of Photoshop was designated with " CS " plus a number; e.
With the introduction of the Creative Cloud branding in June and in turn, the change of the " CS " suffix to " CC " , Photoshop's licensing scheme was changed to that of software as a service subscription model. As of November , Adobe has also released a full version of Photoshop for the iPad , and while initially limited, Adobe plans to bring more features to Photoshop for iPad.
Photoshop was developed in by two brothers Thomas and John Knoll , who sold the distribution license to Adobe Systems Incorporated in Thomas Knoll, a Ph. Thomas took a six-month break from his studies in to collaborate with his brother on the program. Thomas renamed the program ImagePro, but the name was already taken. During this time, John traveled to Silicon Valley and gave a demonstration of the program to engineers at Apple and Russell Brown, art director at Adobe.
Both showings were successful, and Adobe decided to purchase the license to distribute in September Photoshop 1. The handling of color slowly improved with each release from Adobe and Photoshop quickly became the industry standard in digital color editing. At the time Photoshop 1. The list price of Photoshop 1. Photoshop was initially only available on Macintosh. The Windows port led to Photoshop reaching a wider mass market audience as Microsoft 's global reach expanded within the next few years.
Photoshop files have default file extension as. PSD , which stands for " P hoto s hop D ocument". This is in contrast to many other file formats e. JPG or. GIF that restrict content to provide streamlined, predictable functionality. A PSD file has a maximum height and width of 30, pixels, and a length limit of two gigabytes. These formats are required to use the file in publications or on the web.
Photoshop can also create and use files with the extension. PSB, which stands for "Photoshop Big" also known as "large document format".
The dimension limit was apparently chosen arbitrarily by Adobe, not based on computer arithmetic constraints it is not close to a power of two, as is 30, but for ease of software testing. Photoshop functionality can be extended by add-on programs called Photoshop plugins or plug-ins. Adobe creates some plugins, such as Adobe Camera Raw, but third-party companies develop most plugins, according to Adobe's specifications.
Some are free and some are commercial software. Most plugins work with only Photoshop or Photoshop-compatible hosts, but a few can also be run as standalone applications. There are various types of plugins, such as filter, export, import, selection, color correction, and automation. The most popular plugins are the filter plugins also known as a 8bf plugins , available under the Filter menu in Photoshop. Filter plugins can either modify the current image or create content.
Below are some popular types of plugins, and some well-known companies associated with them:. Adobe Camera Raw also known as ACR and Camera Raw is a special plugin, supplied free by Adobe, used primarily to read and process raw image files so that the resulting images can be processed by Photoshop.
Upon loading Photoshop, a sidebar with a variety of tools with multiple image-editing functions appears to the left of the screen. These tools typically fall under the categories of drawing ; painting ; measuring and navigation ; selection ; typing ; and retouching.
These can be expanded to reveal similar tools. In some newer versions hovering along the tools gives a small Video glimpse of the tool.
Photoshop includes a few versions of the pen tool. The pen tool creates precise paths that can be manipulated using anchor points. The free form pen tool allows the user to draw paths freehand, and with the magnetic pen tool, the drawn path attaches closely to outlines of objects in an image, which is useful for isolating them from a background.
The Clone Stamp tool duplicates one part of an image to another part of the same image by way of a brush. The duplication is either in full or in part depending on the mode. The user can also clone part of one layer to another layer. The Clone Stamp tool is useful for duplicating objects or removing a defect in an image.
Photoshop provides an array of shape tools including rectangles, rounded rectangles, ellipses, polygons and lines. These shapes can be manipulated by the pen tool, direct selection tool etc. In addition, Photoshop provides its own shapes like animals, signs and plants. The eyedropper tool selects a color from an area of the image that is clicked, and samples it for future use. Selection tools are used to select all or any part of a picture to perform cut, copy, edit, or retouching operations.
The crop tool can be used to select a particular area of an image and discard the portions outside the chosen section. This tool assists in creating a focus point on an image and unnecessary or excess space. The crop tool is in the tools palette, which is located on the right side of the document.
By placing the cursor over the image, the user can drag the cursor to the desired area. Once the Enter key is pressed, the area outside the rectangle will be cropped. The area outside the rectangle is the discarded data, which allows for the file size to be decreased. The slice and slice select tools, like the crop tool, are used in isolating parts of images. The slice tool can be used to divide an image into different sections, and these separate parts can be used as pieces of a web page design once HTML and CSS are applied.
The move tool can be used to drag the entirety of a single layer or more if they are selected. Alternatively, once an area of an image is highlighted, the move tool can be used to manually relocate the selected piece to anywhere on the canvas. The marquee is a tool that can make selections that are a single row, single column, rectangular and elliptical. This tool can also crop an image; it allows for better control.
In contrast to the crop tool, the marquee tool allows for more adjustments to the selected area before cropping. The only marquee tool that does not allow cropping is the elliptical. Although the single row and column marquee tools allow for cropping, they are not ideal, because they only crop a line. The rectangular marquee tool is the preferred option.
Once the tool has been selected, dragging the tool across the desired area will select it. The selected area will be outlined by dotted lines, referred to as "marching ants". To set a specific size or ratio, the tool options bar provides these settings. Before selecting an area, the desired size or ratio must be set by adjusting the width and height. Any changes such as color, filters, location, etc. To crop the selection, the user must go to the image tab and select crop. The lasso tool is similar to the marquee tool, however, the user can make a custom selection by drawing it freehand.
The regular lasso tool allows the user to have drawing capabilities. Photoshop will complete the selection once the mouse button is released. The user may also complete the selection by connecting the end point to the starting point. The "marching ants" will indicate if a selection has been made. The polygonal lasso tool will draw only straight lines, which makes it an ideal choice for images with many straight lines.
Unlike the regular lasso tool, the user must continually click around the image to outline the shape. To complete the selection, the user must connect the end point to the starting point just like the regular lasso tool. Magnetic lasso tool are considered the smart tool. It can do the same as the other two, but it can also detect the edges of an image once the user selects a starting point.
It detects by examining the color pixels as the cursor moves over the desired area. Closing the selection is the same as the other two, which should also should display the "marching ants" once the selection has been closed.
The quick selection tool selects areas based on edges, similarly to the magnetic lasso tool. The difference between this tool and the lasso tool is that there is no starting and ending point. For this reason, the selected area can be added onto as much as possible without starting over. By dragging the cursor over the desired area, the quick selection tool detects the edges of the image.
The "marching ants" allow the user to know what is currently being selected. Once the user is done, the selected area can be edited without affecting the rest of the image. One of the features that makes this tool especially user friendly is that the SHIFT key is not needed to add more to the selection; by default, extra mouse clicks will be added to the selection rather than creating a new selection.
The magic wand tool selects areas based on pixels of similar values.
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Version 6 was the last truly Macintosh version of Illustrator. The interface changed radically with the following version to bring consistency between Mac and Windows computer platforms. The changes remained until CS6 when some small steps were taken to restore the app to a slightly more Mac-like interface.
With the introduction of Illustrator 7 in , Adobe made critical changes in the user interface with regard to path editing and also to converge on the same user interface as Adobe Photoshop , and many users opted not to upgrade. Like Photoshop, Illustrator also began supporting plug-ins, greatly and quickly extending its abilities. With true user interface parity between Macintosh and Windows versions starting with 7.
Adobe bought Aldus in for Page Maker. As a result, Macromedia acquired Free Hand in from its original developer, Altsys , and continued its development through Illustrator Version 9 included a tracing feature, similar to that within Adobe's discontinued product Streamline. Illustrator CS aka version 11 , released by Adobe for Mac and Windows in October , was the first version to include 3-dimensional capabilities allowing users to extrude or revolve shapes to create simple 3D objects.
It was the last version for the Mac which did not run natively on Intel processors. Live Trace allows for the conversion of bitmap imagery into vector art and improved upon the previous tracing abilities.
Live Paint allows users more flexibility in applying color to objects, specifically those that overlap. Instead, Adobe would provide tools and support to ease the transition to Illustrator.
Illustrator CS3 included interface updates to the Control Bar, the ability to align individual points, multiple Crop Areas, the Color Guide panel and the Live Color feature among others. CS3 was released on March 27, CS4 was released in October It features a variety of improvements to old tools along with the introduction of a few brand-new tools acquired from FreeHand.
The ability to create multiple artboards is one of CS4's main additions from Freehand. The artboards allow you to create multiple versions of a piece of work within a single document.
Other tools include the Blob Brush, which allows multiple overlapping vector brush strokes to easily merge or join, and a revamped gradient tool allowing for more in-depth color manipulation as well as transparency in gradients. CS5 was released in April Along with a number of enhancements to existing functionality, Illustrator CS5's new features include a Perspective Grid tool taken from FreeHand, a Bristle Brush for more natural and painterly looking strokes and a comprehensive update to strokes, referred to by Adobe as "Beautiful Strokes".
The app had many of the features of Adobe Illustrator, yet it was a free download. This allowed professionals to sketch and ideate "on the go" and allowed anyone to access world-class vector drawing capabilities. As a result, Facebook and social media posts appeared from all over the world with vector drawings from Adobe Ideas from pros and novices alike. Version CS6 was the 16th generation of Adobe Illustrator. Adobe added many more features and several bug fixes such as a new user interface, layer panels, RGB codes, and color ramp to increase performance.
CS6 was released on April 23, This version the 17th was the first to be only sold in a subscription-based service model, in line with the other software in the formerly called Creative Suite.
As part of Creative Cloud, this version brought improvements in that subject such as color, font and program settings syncing, saving documents to the cloud, and integration with Behance a creative collaborative network , as well as other features such as a new touch-compatible type tool, images in brushes, CSS extraction, and files packaging. Starting with version 1. John Warnock desired a Renaissance image to evoke his vision of PostScript as a new Renaissance in publishing, and Adobe employee Luanne Seymour Cohen, who was responsible for the early marketing material, found Venus' flowing tresses a perfect vehicle for demonstrating Illustrator's strength in tracing smooth curves over bitmap source images.
Over the years the rendition of this image on Illustrator's splash screen and packaging became more stylized to reflect features added in each version. The image of Venus was replaced albeit still accessible via easter egg in Illustrator CS The CS4 icon is almost identical, except for a slight alteration to the font and the color which is dark gray. The CS5 icon is also virtually the same, except that this time the logo is like a box, along with all the other CS5 product logos, with the "Ai" bright yellow.
CS6 changed it a bit to a brown square with a yellow border and yellow lettering, and in CC the colors were upgraded to a sharper tone and thinner borders.
Compatibility with Inkscape : [18] Inkscape's native format is SVG Scalable Vector Graphics , which is supported by Adobe Illustrator, but the two implementations are not fully compatible. A sidebar that appears at the left of the screen with a variety of tools to select, create, and manipulate objects or artworks in Illustrator. These tools can be selected as following: drawing, typing, painting, reshaping, slicing and cutting, symbolism, moving and zooming, and graph.
A small triangle has the option to view or expand some hidden tools by holding down the mouse button on the triangle. Some examples of basic tools in Illustrator are selection tools, paintbrush tools, pen tools, pencil tools e. Selection tools are used to the layout, adjust, and organize the artwork by selecting, positioning, and stacking objects accurately.
You can publish a digital version of an InDesign document that works on any device, in any modern web browser, without the need to install a plug-in. For a richer document viewing experience, you can publish an interactive InDesign document that includes buttons, slideshows, animation, audio, and video using the interactive authoring features of InDesign.
After you publish your documents, you can provide the online document URL to anyone to view the document in a beautiful, yet simple, online reading experience, on any device and on any platform. You can even share the online document on social networks like Facebook and Twitter or over email with a single click. The document can also be embedded on any website or blog using the embed code provided on clicking the embed option on the viewing layout.
Multiple page spread. You can create an InDesign document that contains spreads with more than two pages, the published document displays multiple pages on a spread in the same way as they are displayed in InDesign. Publish documents with multiple page sizes. Publish documents that contain pages with different sizes. The published document maintains the size of individual pages and displays the content on the pages appropriately. Text hyperlinks.
Hyperlinks created on text are supported in published document. InDesign maintains all types of hyperlinks in the published document:. Image resolution.
The image resolution of the published output supports 96 PPI and is the default value for better quality images in the output. Sharing options. You can choose to share your published documents on Twitter and over email. You can also provide your viewers with the option to download your document as PDF. Transparency effect. The published online documents support transparency and other effects with blending modes. The only exceptions are text frames, groups, buttons, objects with animation, and MSOs overlapping with objects containing transparency.
Update published documents. This is displayed in the Publish Online dashboard and on Facebook if you share the document there. Allow viewers to download the document as a PDF Print. Select this option if you want your users to be able to download your document in the PDF-Print format. Hide the Share and Embed options in the published document. Select this option if you do not want document viewers to see the share or embed buttons on your published document.
If you are republishing an existing document. Click Update Existing Document and select the appropriate document title from the Choose an existing document to update drop-down list. Change the publish online settings as required. Choose Thumbnail. Choose the cover for your published document. This thumbnail is displayed in Publish Online dialog with the title and description while uploading.
This thumbnail also appears when you share the document on Facebook. Choose Image. Image Settings. InDesign decides how the document images should be exported, keeping in consideration performance optimization. Specify the resolution of the images. Note : HiDPi images might increase page loading time and the amount of data viewers must download.
GIF Options Palette. Minimizing the Publish Online dialog box does not stop online publish process. However, you can continue to work in the current or any other InDesign document. After the document is published online, choose the following options in the Publish Online dialog box:. View Document. Share on Facebook. Share on Twitter. It also added brush stroke smoothing, and over brushes created by Kyle T. Webster following Adobe's acquisition of his website, KyleBrush. Other additions were Lightroom Photo access, Variable font support, select subject, copy-paste layers, enhanced tooltips, panorama and HEIF support, PNG compression, increased maximum zoom level, symmetry mode, algorithm improvements to Face-aware and selection tools, color and luminance range masking, improved image resizing, and performance improvements to file opening, filters, and brush strokes.
Photoshop CC was released on October 15, Beginning with Photoshop CC version This version Introduced a new tool called Frame Tool to create placeholder frames for images. It also added multiple undo mode, auto-commitment, and prevented accidental panel moves with lock work-space. Live blend mode previews are added, allowing for faster scrolling over different blend mode options in the layers panel.
Other additions were Color Wheel, Transform proportionally without Shift key, Distribute spacing like in Illustrator, ability to see longer layer names, match font with Japanese fonts, flip document view, scale UI to font, reference point hidden by default, new compositing engine, which provides a more modern compositing architecture is added which is easier to optimize on all platforms. Photoshop was released on November 4, It added several improvements to the new content-aware fill and to the new document tab.
Also added were animated GIF support, improved lens blur performance and one-click zoom to a layer's contents. It introduced new swatches, gradients, patterns, shapes and stylistic sets for OpenType fonts.
Presets are now more intuitive to use and easier to organize. With the February update version This version improved GPU based lens blur quality and provided performance improvements, such as accelerating workflows with smoother panning, zooming and navigation of documents. Version 21 was the first version where the iPad version was released.
It introduced faster portrait selection, Adobe Camera Raw improvements, auto-activated Adobe Fonts, rotatable patterns, and improved Match Font. This is the first macOS release to run natively on Apple silicon. Content Credentials Beta was introduced. When enabled, the editing information is captured in a tamper-evident form and resides with the file through successive copy generations. It aligns with the C2PA standard on digital provenance across the internet. The Adobe Photoshop family is a group of applications and services made by Adobe Inc.
Several features of the Adobe Photoshop family are pixel manipulating, image organizing, photo retouching, and more. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Raster graphics editing software. For the colloquial verb meaning photograph manipulation, see Photoshop verb. For other uses, see Photoshop disambiguation.
For the vector graphics language, see PostScript. Adobe Photoshop Thomas Knoll John Knoll. List of languages. Main article: Photoshop plugin. This section may need to be rewritten to comply with Wikipedia's quality standards. You can help. The talk page may contain suggestions.
July You can help by adding to it. September Retrieved July 20, Adobe Inc. Retrieved November 13, Retrieved January 31, Retrieved February 29, The Verge. Retrieved March 1, Retrieved November 7, Archived from the original on June 26, Retrieved June 15, Story Photography. May 23, Retrieved May 23, February 28, Archived from the original on July 1, Retrieved October 15, Graphics Software. Retrieved August 13, Mac Publishing. Dennis Publishing Ltd. Raja January 13, The Hindu.
Retrieved August 10, Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved January 23, Securities and Exchange Commission. February 22, Archived from the original on February 24, What Opens a PSD? File Format List from WhatIs. Retrieved May 12, Retrieved December 17, Nik Software Inc. Topaz Labs, LLC.
August 31, Auto FX Software. AV Bros. Archived from the original on October 15, Flaming Pear Software. Andromeda Software Inc. Archived from the original on December 3, Retrieved December 4, Adobe Systems Incorporated. Archived from the original PDF on November 13, Retrieved March 27, Postel PMID Retrieved February 14, Photoshop Elements The Missing Manual. ISBN Adobe Photoshop CS5 one-on-one. Indianapolis, Indiana: Wiley Publishing, Inc.
Adobe Photoshop Elements 5. Burlington, MA: Focal Press. Retrieved March 28, Ars Technica. Retrieved September 15, Archived from the original on March 15, Archived from the original on May 7, Press Release. Archived from the original on 13 November Retrieved 29 March News Releases.
Retrieved 28 March Web Designer Depot. Adobe official site. Archived from the original PDF on 19 June Retrieved 17 June Adobe Official site. Archived from the original PDF on 28 September Archived from the original on 13 April CNET News. CBS Interactive.
Adobe Systems. PC World. Archived from the original on 7 June Retrieved 17 December Archived from the original on March 26, Retrieved March 24, Retrieved May 29, John Nack on Adobe.
Adobe Blogs.
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List of languages. Main article: Photoshop plugin. This section may need to be rewritten to comply with Wikipedia's quality standards. You can help. The talk page may contain suggestions.
July You can help by adding to it. September Retrieved July 20, Adobe Inc. Retrieved November 13, Retrieved January 31, Retrieved February 29, The Verge. Retrieved March 1, Retrieved November 7, Archived from the original on June 26, Retrieved June 15, Story Photography. May 23, Retrieved May 23, February 28, Archived from the original on July 1, Retrieved October 15, Graphics Software. Retrieved August 13, Mac Publishing.
Dennis Publishing Ltd. Raja January 13, The Hindu. Retrieved August 10, Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved January 23, Securities and Exchange Commission. February 22, Archived from the original on February 24, What Opens a PSD? File Format List from WhatIs. Retrieved May 12, Retrieved December 17, Nik Software Inc. Topaz Labs, LLC. August 31, Auto FX Software. AV Bros. Archived from the original on October 15, Flaming Pear Software. Andromeda Software Inc.
Archived from the original on December 3, Retrieved December 4, Adobe Systems Incorporated. Archived from the original PDF on November 13, Retrieved March 27, Postel PMID Retrieved February 14, Photoshop Elements The Missing Manual. ISBN Adobe Photoshop CS5 one-on-one. Indianapolis, Indiana: Wiley Publishing, Inc. Adobe Photoshop Elements 5. Burlington, MA: Focal Press. Retrieved March 28, Ars Technica. Retrieved September 15, Archived from the original on March 15, Archived from the original on May 7, Press Release.
Archived from the original on 13 November Retrieved 29 March News Releases. Retrieved 28 March Web Designer Depot. Adobe official site. Archived from the original PDF on 19 June Retrieved 17 June Adobe Official site. Archived from the original PDF on 28 September Archived from the original on 13 April CNET News. CBS Interactive.
Adobe Systems. PC World. Archived from the original on 7 June Retrieved 17 December Archived from the original on March 26, Retrieved March 24, Retrieved May 29, John Nack on Adobe. Adobe Blogs. Press Releases. Tech Specs. Retrieved March 29, March 22, Archived from the original on March 22, Retrieved March 23, Retrieved January 19, Archived from the original on June 23, Retrieved January 21, Archived from the original on March 17, Archived from the original on May 19, Retrieved June 20, Retrieved October 24, Adobe Blog.
November 21, Retrieved June 19, Retrieved June 17, Retrieved March 2, Adobe Photoshop Elements tutorials". Retrieved April 26, Retrieved September 3, August 1, Archived from the original on August 1, Adobe Photoshop at Wikipedia's sister projects. Category Commons. Links to related articles. Raster graphics editors. Category Comparison. Adobe Creative Suite and Creative Cloud.
Adobe eLearning Suite. Bridge Device Central. The tablet view includes an easy-to-use scrollable thumbnail view. You can update a published document by updating the source and republishing it.
Publish an InDesign document online. The Publish Online Options dialog box is displayed. In the General tab of the Publish Online dialog box, enter the following information:. Title of the online document. This name is displayed as the browser title of the published output. Description of the online document. Choose to export All or a Range of pages from the current document.
Export As. Specify how pages are displayed online in web browser. Displays a single page at a time on browser. Displays two pages at a time in the web browser. In the Advanced tab, enter the following information:. First Page. Specify that the first page of the InDesign document is used as the cover thumbnail. Chosen Page. Choose a page of the InDesign document to be used as the cover thumbnail. Select an external image as the cover thumbnail.
Specify how the images of the documents are to be exported. Click Publish to publish the document online. The Publish Online dialog box is displayed: The thumbnail, title, and description are displayed on the left side of the dialog box. The process is displayed in the right side. In the Publish Online dialog box, click Cancel Upload to stop and roll back the upload process.
Click Close to minimize this dialog box to the Publish Online button in the App bar. Open the online document in your default web browser. Copy the URL for the online document. Share the document URL on your Facebook page. Tweet the document URL. Share the document using your default email client.
Output of online document. The published online document provides a number of viewing and sharing options. B Zoom in. Zoom into the current page. Zoom out of the current page. View the current page in full screen mode. E Share. F Embed. Download the output in the PDF-Print format. Mute all audio and video in current document. Recently published documents. The Recently published menu displays the list of the last five documents published. Click a document in this list, to open the published output in your default browser.
Using the Publish Online dashboard. Document Trends. The Document Trends tab displays a listing of the documents you have published. It can be used to create works such as posters , flyers, brochures , magazines , newspapers , presentations, books and ebooks. InDesign can also publish content suitable for tablet devices in conjunction with Adobe Digital Publishing Suite.
Graphic designers and production artists are the principal users, creating and laying out periodical publications, posters, and print media. It also supports export to EPUB and SWF formats to create e-books and digital publications, including digital magazines, and content suitable for consumption on tablet computers.
In addition, InDesign supports XML , style sheets, and other coding markup, making it suitable for exporting tagged text content for use in other digital and online formats. Freehand , Aldus's competitor to Adobe Illustrator, was licensed from Altsys , the maker of Fontographer.
By PageMaker had lost much of professional market to the comparatively feature-rich QuarkXPress version 3. In , Quark announced its offer to buy Adobe [3] and to divest the combined company of PageMaker to avoid problems under United States antitrust law.
Adobe rebuffed Quark's offer and continued to develop a new desktop publishing application. Aldus had begun developing a successor to PageMaker, which was code-named "Shuksan". Adobe launched InDesign in the United Kingdom through a series of promotional presentations in hotels. The marketing concentrated on new software architecture—a small central software kernel about 2Mb to which add-ons would be bolted as the program's functionality expanded in later versions.
However, the Postscript printer driver for InDesign 1. Copies of InDesign 1. By InDesign 2. The 'kernel' architecture was never mentioned again.
It was the first DTP application to support Unicode character sets , advanced typography with OpenType fonts , advanced transparency features, layout styles, optical margin alignment, and cross-platform scripting with JavaScript. Later versions of the software introduced new file formats. To support the new features, especially typographic, introduced with InDesign CS, both the program and its document format are not backward-compatible.
InDesign CS versions updated with the 3. Adobe worked on the provision of a 'Drag and Drop' feature and this became available after but was restricted to dropping graphics and images, not text. Adobe developed the CS3 application integrating Macromedia products , rather than recompiling CS2 and simultaneously developing CS3.
By this time 'Drag and Drop' of type was made available.
